The System You Can´t Trust It Essay - 939 Words

The System: â€Å"You can’t trust it, man† They want you to conform. Who? Society, government, the system. While the power of authority and social conduct is a strong force, it is not always a benevolent one. For thousands of years people have questioned the ways of authority. These heroes have taken down the establishment, or the elite power holders, and made the world a fairer place in which to live. A common belief is that when the establishment, authority, or the system gains too much power, they need to be removed. This â€Å"system† that we all live in is a multidimensional vortex of misunderstanding and oppression. Challenging the system is not a battle that stands alone in the list of fights to be fought. The challenge is similar in†¦show more content†¦Taking down the system shows its face in revolutions. In the American Revolution, around 1776, the Americans thought they were being oppressed by their mother country and authority. Great Britain taxed the colonies without consent which catalyzed tensions between the mother country and her colonies. Consequently, the colonies revolted and sought their independence. Because they were able to claim independence, they could create their own national ideals and promote their own interests. This questioning of authority shows the questioning of old ideas of hoary authority led to social progress for a revitalized group of people. After the Renaissance, science forged many new discoveries and began to question some outdated ideals of religion such as the shape of the earth and it revolved around the sun. Scientists who discovered new planetary relations, such as Galileo, who made monumental advances in science in his time, questioned the authority that was the Catholic Church. Because they questioned authority they were killed for heresy and blasphemy. However, if they had not questioned the authority for what they believed in our knowledge of science would be have changed colossa lly. In more modern times, the fight against the system stays relevant. In the mid-20th century, many people felt as if they were being challenged by the system to conform to society. The system was personified as â€Å"Man.† â€Å"The Man† could beShow MoreRelatedRalph Waldo Emerson’S Unifying Theme Throughout His Essay,998 Words   |  4 PagesRalph Waldo Emerson’s unifying theme throughout his essay, â€Å"Self Reliance†, emphasises the idea that you should trust and value your individuality rather than conform to others way of life. Emerson supports this claim with the statement â€Å"Nothing can bring you peace but yourself. Nothing can bring you peace but the triumph of a principal.† Self-reliance is the triumph of a principal. Society as a whole is anything but self-reliant, we are followers rather than creators and original thinkers. OnceRead MoreCyber Security Includes Ensuring The Data Essay1625 Words   |  7 PagesInternet can be hacked in minutes. A great deal of computers and website pages are being found with viruses each day. New hacking strategies are invented constantly. These are only a couple case of hacking we hear about and they highlight the significance of data security as an essential way to deal with securing information and frameworks. One of the threat we face with cyber security issue is DDOS. DOS an assault that effectively averts or debilitates the approved usefulness of systems, frameworksRead MoreWhy The Foster System Is Ineffective1264 Words   |  6 PagesWhy the Foster System is Ineffective Is the foster system really a good place for any person? Most adolescents would have to deal with other adolescents always starting fights, degrading you, and stealing your belongings. 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However, managing a remote sales team isn’tRead MoreLaws Of Voting And Its Effect On The Voting System1355 Words   |  6 PagesEstablish Trust in Internet Voting ABSTRACT The short history of E-voting is that it is a term used to define the act of voting by means of electronic systems to cast and count votes. This article discusses about the transparency and other measures to establish the trust in E-voting. E-voting can lead to success if the voters trust in it and have full confidence on it. It also point out the voting systems how the system is designed technically and functionally and by which the voters can makesRead MoreA Presentation Of A Team1674 Words   |  7 Pagesintroduction/commence process can ground the individuals regarding the team s central goal and objectives, and can build up team assumptions about both the team s item and, all the more essentially, the team s procedure. 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The Fight For Women s Rights - 1711 Words

Burke 1 The word feminism essentially represents the cumulative number of ideologies and movements that advocate the equal rights of women on all grounds. While the concept has been present for centuries, its magnitude in the United States has only become largely recognized throughout the 20th century. In particular, feminism has had its most lasting effects through two large waves in the early 1900’s, whilst fighting for women’s suffrage, and the 1960’s to 1970’s, which focused on women in the workplace and counteracting the submissive roles assigned to women in the 1950’s. These political battles for gender equality have left lasting footprints on today’s society by giving women opportunities previously unattainable. Still, the fight for women’s rights is far from over, as today’s females face a new struggle involving the media. With the rapid progression of modern technology has come the immensely degrading trend of objectifying wome n. Women’s position in the media is heavily flawed, as females are seen as little more than their physical appeal, instead of human beings with large amounts of potential. This objectification is most prominently displayed through children’s literature, the use of advertisements, and sexual abuse, and must be eradicated for the security and equality of all women. Despite the decades of progress that have elevated the rights of women in this country, society will not obtain true gender equality until the media changes, since it has counteractedShow MoreRelatedThe Fight For Women s Rights1572 Words   |  7 PagesThe fight for woman’s rights and equality is still a highly discussed topic today. While women’s rights, all over the world, have significantly increased for centuries, feminists are still present and continue to fight for more. 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What Is the Impact of Disability on Childrens free essay sample

What is the Impact of disability on childrens experiences of childhood? Every child matters and the quality of life of disabled children. This assignment explores the perceived quality of life of children with disabilities, and the impact of the United Kingdom Government Every Child Matters initiative. The World Health Organisation (WHO) define quality of life as the individuals perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live, and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns. This is an excellent definition as it places the emphasis on the perspective of the child, and in that respect is inherently free from value Judgements from typically developing adults and researchers. Montieth[l] (1999) quoted in Lewis et al (2008) looked at a cross section children with varying disabilities during her study; one of the most striking components of her research was that the children in most cases had exactly the same aspirations as their typically developing counterparts. Some wished to win the lottery or get married, have a house or even relatively minor emancipation requests such as have a ront door key, only one child made mention of their disability. Lewis[2] (2008) quoted in Fraser et al (2008) further added weight to this view when she discussed disability as moving from a medical model to a social model whereby society is disabling and not the child. I witnessed an example at my local swimming pool of this yesterday; a 1 5yr old mobility impaired girl was accompanied by her mother to the swimming pool. The following issues were politely raised by her mother at the end of the visit: 1 . No suitable changing area, only the disabled toilet was semi-suitable and this eant the young lady being placed onto a wet, cold tiled floor. 2. A transfer chair with a defective wheel, broken strap and seemingly a life of its own. 3. A defective pool lifting system for lowering and lifting into the pool. 4. Lack of staff trained in manual handling of less able customers. A trip to the local swimming pool for a typically developing child is normally a fun occasion, with minimal stress on the parents. Clearly this was an occasion that most take for granted and in this case was a fairly stressful example of how society is in effect disabling as opposed ndeed their family, specifically in relation to the be healthy strand of every child matters Generally studies investigating quality of life (QoL) have rated children with disabilities as lower than typically developing children, but these studies are often written with a subjective view from a typically developing adult as noted by Colver (2008)[4] who remarked that children with disabilities have a sense of self from birth which incorporates their [physical] impairment and embraces growth, development and living with the same excitement as most children. Colver (2008) in his conclusion adds, There is widespread acceptance of the need for disabled children to be fully integrated into society but there needs to be further attitudinal change. QoL studies already tell us that pity and sorrow should not be directed towards disabled children [children with disabilities] as they experience most of life as non-disabled [typically developing] children. Maximum effort in needed to support social and educational policies that recognize the similarity of the lives of disabled children to those of other children, and that ensure their right as itizens, rather than as disabled children, to participate as fully in society as other children. The current Government initiative is the Every Child Matters agenda, developed by the Department for Education, Education and Skills. This framework has been embedded within all of the countrys public service providers ranging from the Police to Education, in fact any organisation that comes into contact with children and young persons must have a strategy in place for meeting their obligations in relation to the 5 outcomes as listed below: Be healthy Stay safe Enjoy and achieve Ђ Make a positive contribution Achieve economic well being. Sloper[5] (2008) notes that these policies provide a context for which agencies are expected to deliver services which achieve the best possible outcomes, aiming to ensure that the children most at risk of social exclusion have their needs catered for and dont fall through the cracks of the system often only brought to light during child neglect cases. Sloper conducted semi-structured interviews with over 100 children with disabilities and their carers, although this research tends to focus on an educational perspective t is clear that there is still a lacuna of services available to overcome the social barriers to disability Emotional well being for example in children with Autistic spectrum Disorders (ASD) was seen by their parents as fundamental and more important than any other type of curriculum learning, parents felt that social interaction skills were more important to their children. This often caused conflict with teachers as they were focussed on academic goals and national curriculum levels, with many parents saying that teachers would often apologize for their childs low attainment academically; hereas the parents would prefer an altered curriculum that concentrated on more practical life skills. Sloper argues that if we concentrate solely on life skills those that can achieve will not be given the opportunity and in the desire to create a more inclusive pedagogy we may actually provide further barriers to learning and achievement. Emotional support is however seen as a key requirement for all children with disabilities regardless of the severity of their impairment; many special needs provisions have this support but there are very few mainstream schools that have uch a provision some 7 years after the initial launch of Every Child Matters, such support so widely requested may have a significant impact upon the QoL of children with disabilities. Another aspect of ECM staying safe was also highlighted by Sloper (2009) and Colver (2008) in the QoL study being inappropriate accommodation.

Leadership through effective Communication

Why lead through Communication? Communication strategies are crucial in organizations, particularly in the information age. Organizations are growing immensely in terms of their operations. As a result, they are constantly looking for mechanisms for becoming competitive.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Leadership through effective Communication specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the ways of gaining competitive advantage is through the implementation of communication strategies, which support organizational growth and objectives. Right communication strategies have multiple benefits for an organization ranging from enhancing workforce motivation to the creation of additional customers and retention of the existing clientele. Organizational leaders are ever placed on a constant pressure to comply with various demands by various corporate stakeholders while still ensuring that an organization remains competiti ve in the short and long run. Upon ensuring compliance with these dual anticipations, organizational managers design and/or execute various business strategies. Although the failure of such strategies may initiate at the designing phase, many of business strategies, irrespective of how well they are designed, have more failure rates at the implementation and execution phases. The implication of this claim is that inadequate expertise in the execution of communication strategies within an organization may produce serious consequences.Advertising Looking for report on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More At the phase of implementation of the business strategies, effective communication is essential in helping leaders to control and monitor the implementation of strategies to meet the desired goals and objectives. Implications of inadequate expertise in communication strategies are reflected in a research condu cted by McFarlin, Sweeney, and Cotton (2003) in which 197 management executives from 197 companies were surveyed to unveil their anticipations for success of their communication strategies. The researchers found out that only 63 percent of all the surveyed executives anticipated their strategies to succeed. Upon considering that 37 percent of the surveyed executives were not sure whether their communication strategies would succeed, the researchers concluded, â€Å"much of expectation and performance failures are a failure to execute the company’s strategy effectively† (McFarlin, Sweeney Cotton, 2003, p.380). Strategies are implemented through the collective effort of all people who must work to attain given goals and missions, which an organization is established to accomplish. These goals and objectives must be communicated effectively. Communication provides a link between the plans developed by leaders to enhance the success of an organization and the actual imple mentation process of the programs. Developing strategies that would succeed requires ardent communication at all hierarchical structures of business administration. Communication is vital since the implementation of new business strategies often involves change (Williams Seaman, 2001).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Leadership through effective Communication specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Poor communication often results in resistance to change, especially where the persons working in an organization perceive the changes being implemented as threats to their jobs and personal excellence. For instance, while personnel at the headquarters of an organization may be fighting for standardization of products produced by an organization to ease supply chain and logistics challenges, the staff at departmental levels of various products may be opposed to such endeavors. Additionally, inadequate communication at the intra-organizational levels may result in different perceptions of brands that would excel in the market. Although effective leadership is crucial for the success of an organization, significant progress is attained when all workers have awareness in all hierarchical structures of an organization in the direction it takes. This helps them support their operations effectively in terms of doing what is within its capacity to ensure that it succeeds in the direction set by its leaders. In this sense, the goal of an effective communication program within an organization is to foster a change in employee behaviors. The desired change in an organization takes different forms. It may involve a shift in attitude or alteration of work processes in the effort to support the organization’s competitive advantage (Williams Seaman, 2001, p.445). Effective leadership entails the communication of strategies of success through translation of the essential business objectives and goals into t erms that employees can understand easily.Advertising Looking for report on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In response to such communication elements, employees become engaged, aligned, and committed to work collectively towards driving organizational success. In fact, many communication programs fall short when they fail to address precisely what employees, who are also the strategies implementers, need to know and/or do to enhance performance and success of an organization. Leaders for dynamic organizations appreciate the importance of effective communication,  mainly while working in an environment that is consistently changing. They view communication as having the ability to deliver tangible products as opposed to being a soft component of their leadership roles. Efforts of improving the satisfaction of consumers, enhancing the quality of service and product delivery, and enhancing retention and satisfaction of employees are all dependent on effective communication (Barrett, 2006, p.15). In an organization that employs people from diverse backgrounds, communication is the tool dep loyed to harness individual differences of the employees by aligning them to a common organizational culture that is guided by aims, missions, goals, and objectives of the organization. How to Communicate Effectively Communicating effectively in an organization requires leaders to have emotional intelligence. Leaders are visions careers. As the head of organizations, leaders are expected to have the ability to manage their emotions so that they do not get out of control irrespective of the challenges they go through while attempting to enhance compliance with their visions (Barrett, 2006). Leaders have the total trust of their staff, speak kindly and eloquently, pay attention to concerns of the people they work with as a team and are at ease to address. They also have the ability to make well-informed decisions. All these aspects help in building a productive climate for communication within an organization. Effective leadership requires leaders to have the capacity to manage their emotions well. For this purpose, the integration of the perspectives of emotional intelligence in leadership becomes crucial. Communicating effectively requires leaders to possess qualities such as the ability to listen effectively to others, have the ability and willingness to speak honestly and kindly, be approachable, and/or have the capacity to make reliable decisions. These aspects of how to communicate effectively constitute many of the traits of an emotionally intelligent leader. The concept of EI engulfs five crucial building blocks. The first block is self-awareness. Self-awareness implies that leaders have the capacity to eloquently understand their feelings together with how such feelings can influence the people they lead (McFarlin, Sweeney Cotton, 2003, p.364). This infers that a leader clearly understands his or her strengths together with weakness that may affect his or her productivity. The second block is self-regulation. This entails remaining in control of every situation that faces a leader. In other words, leaders who are able to self-regulate themselves possess minimal probabilities of attacking various members of work teams. They do not make rushed emotionally-instigated decisions or compromise the values of the work team members. The other three blocks are motivation, social skills, and empathy. Empathy involves putting one into the situation of another person. In the context of leadership, the situation is that of the subordinates. Concerning social skills, capable leaders who possess high levels of emotional intelligence have excellent communicating skills. Leading through communication requires leaders to amply understand the audience for every communication situation in terms of what motivates it to behave in specific ways. This calls for awareness of the people being led. The reception of the leader by audience helps in shaping the perception and making decisions on whether to pay attention to the leader while talking or not (Barr ett, 2006). This suggests that the ethos and/or the initial presentation of the leader may create barriers to the reception of the desired message. When the audience does not listen to leaders when they speak, communication does not take place. Leaders intending to build their success through effective communication need to master the art of persuasion. This goal can be accomplished through the creation of positive ethos together with the development of a clear understanding of the nature of the people being led in terms of what propels them to pay attention to details. Emotional intelligence leadership skills capture all these aspects of how to communicate effectively. Who is Responsible for Communication? Effective leaders communicate in all directions within an organization. However, effective communication does not merely happen. It is also not the principal function of the organization communication personnel. For communication to achieve its effectiveness in enhancing integrat ion and homogeneous operation of an organization, all hierarchical structures of management must engage in it. As claimed before, change is implemented through hierarchical structures of an organization. Failure of achieving the desired goals of organizational change emanates from inadequate communication between change designers and implementers. This underlines the significance of considering the possession of intrapersonal and interpersonal communication skills as some of the essential qualities of any effective leaders working in the information age organizations. Communication personnel within an organization work under directions of a leader. When such personnel is given information to relay to the subordinates, the accuracy of the transmitted data is dependent on the accuracy of the information communicated to the communication personnel by the leader (Barrett, 2006). This implies that the sole responsibility of organizational communication rests on the leader. Indeed, variou s models for leadership communication competency pay incredible consideration to communication skills from the perspectives of strategic capacity and personal abilities (Barrett, 2006, p.33). Leaders who present high abilities to lead, direct, plan, monitor, and/or control their organizations effectively are the ones who portray exemplary  skills of effective communication. This has led many leadership training and development programs to consider communication skills as the component that binds all other facets of effective leadership. Roles of Leaders in Communication From a superficial perspective, communication is a simple task for emotionally intelligent leaders. In some leadership situations, sending memos and emails may serve the purpose of delivering the intended message. However, in complex communication situations such as addressing issues of strikes within an organization, these simplistic methodologies of communication may fail to yield success (Barrett, 2006). Such a situation requires leaders to evaluate the context and implications of their chosen communication to address employee conflicts with an organization in an effective manner. This consideration highlights the significance of understanding the components or the facets of an effective communication process. In the effort to ensure that communication makes positive impacts, planning, management, and taking of measures to enhance consistency and clarity of communication are vital areas to consider. Thus, leading through effective communication requires leaders to avoid concentrating on just delivering messages while neglecting the importance of planning and management of communication processes. Leaders need to avoid making any errors of equating the volume and the speed advantages offered by the internet to effective organizational communication. The model shown below illustrates the roles played by a leader in communication. Fig 1: Roles played by a leader in communication Source (Barr ett, 2006, p.56) From the fig. 1 above, communication occurs in a context of system interactions. This system, which could be an organization itself, possesses factors that may hinder communication. Such factors include the perception of the leader developed in employees and the organizational culture. When planning for communication, a leader needs to consider the barriers of communication (Barrett, 2006, p.57). Leaders also need to organize their communication strategies such that they fit well into the established organizational culture. As a builder of the communication infrastructure and in an effort to lead through effective communication, a leader takes into corporation the aspects of the systems. They include the existing communication climate, culture of the organizations, changes which may affect the organizational stakeholders, and the capacity of communication emanating from the leader to fit well with the practices of human resources within an organization (Barrett, 200 6, p.68). The second essential facet of effective communication is the role of a leader in the development of communication strategies through planning. This role calls leaders to develop measurable communication objectives and/or analyze the implication of change to the organizational stakeholders in the effort to concentrate on the communication of issues that are meaningful and related to the interest of the stakeholders. In the development of the communication strategy, a leader also deserves to engage in the selection of requisite channels for communication. He or she should endeavor to measure the effectiveness of various communication efforts. Measurement is essential in the effort to adjust accordingly to the necessary strategies, which make leaders’ communication more effective. Message delivery becomes essential after a leader fulfills the functions of communication planning and communication strategy development. To deliver the message efficiently, effective commun ication involves the utilization of various skills. These skills include presentation skills, engagement of the audience through interrogatives, listening, facilitation, and engagement in problem-solving, mentoring, coaching, and evaluation of the impacts of communication in the context of the desired message. The various components of the three roles of leaders in communication require different extents of mixes depending on the characteristics of the audience and the context in which the connection is accomplished. The appropriate mix is also dependent on the degree of attention of the audience. For instance, in situations where the purpose of communication is to resolve employees’ conflicts within an organization, no matter how presentable a leader may be, the audience may fail to develop the required attention for effective communication to take place. The desired approach in such contexts is initiating the communication process by giving a room for the audience to pose i nterrogatives related to the purpose for which the communication forum is being held. Models for Leadership Competency in Communication The considerations of the importance of communication in leadership have led to the development of various models for leadership competency in communication. Two important models are LILI and the mathematical theory of organizational communication models. Mathematical Theory Model The mathematical model comprises five main elements, as illustrated in Fig.2 below. Fig.2: Mathematical Models for Leadership Competency in Communication Source (Barrett, 2006, p.98) In an organization, the source of communication is the leader. The leader encodes the desired message. Through communication planning, the channel of communication is selected. This may take the form of face-to-face communication, emails, memo, or any other suitable channel that suits the appropriate context. The receiver of the message decodes it and sends back the understanding of the messa ge in a back loop in the form of the proper action to the source. The back loop enables the leaders to determine whether they are effective in their communication strategies. Based on the mathematical model for leadership communication competence, leaders develop the ability to determine their effectiveness in communication and their roles in it while also determining the necessary actions to handle the anticipated problems. The message is determined at the source. At this level, leaders pay attention to convey just the appropriate information. This effort reduces curiosity and chances of loss of interest in listening (Barrett, 2006, p.109). Failure to plan communication by failing to lay out a precise objective, understanding the audience, and/or failing to seek the feedback of the manner in which the information is received leads to poor crafting of communication, otherwise referred to as communication encoding. In the encoding process, considerations of the cultural context are i ncredibly paramount. Misunderstanding and miscommunication of the desired message arise from language and cultural barriers. Consulting and encoding of information so that a diverse number of people can understand it is especially important in contexts where cross-cultural communication is required. According to the mathematical theory leadership communication competency model, after encoding, effort to communicate shifts effectively to the selection of the right channels. Effective communication requires optimal utilization of communication opportunity while maintaining efficiency in the delivery of the intended message. For simple directions, emails are the most appropriate. Where the leader wants to delegate tasks, emails turn out ineffective. People interrogate them together with the intention of the leader (Barrett, 2006). Emails and memos are also not appropriate where the communication raises emotional charges in an organization. Under such circumstances, the best channel in an organizational setting is face-to-face or telephone communication. They allow the leader to evaluate and judge the impacts of the words used in the communication process. In the decoding stage, the leader becomes the active listener while the audience becomes the speaker. Through the responses of the audience, the leader acquires feedback on the effectiveness of his or her communication. The level of the audience engagement in the communicated message, agreeableness, defensiveness, and comprehension are indicators of the success of communicating the planned message. LILI Model The LILI model considers four key drivers for any effective organizational communication. LILI refers to leading, involving, listening, and informing (Barrett, 2006, p.165). The traditional approaches to organizational communication focused only on informing, which only comprises 25 percent of effective communication (Barrett, 2006). This explains why communication strategies that are aimed at informing fai l to succeed in delivering results. Communication is best achieved in the two-way information flow process. The LILI model suggests that communication strategies need to change to accommodate changes in inputs. Hence, â€Å"leaders should incorporate each of the four drivers, as appropriate to the situation† (Williams Seaman, 2001, p.455). This implies that leaders need to understand their audiences together with their information requirements. Thus, the act of involving and/or listening to organizational stakeholders is an essential step under the LILI model for gaining inputs to communication combined with the necessary feedback to enhance the effectiveness in communication. Leading in the implementation of contents of the communicated message is the facet of the LILI model, which enables the leader to establish a model for appropriate behavioral commitments to any communicated information, thus setting the necessary collective direction for an organization. Rating Leaders ’ Capacity to Communicate Effectively The determination of the capacity of a leader to communicate effectively depends on the model of communication deployed. Apart from analyzing the response of the audience after delivery of the message, leaders need to engage themselves in several interrogatives to evaluate their effectiveness in communication. These interrogatives are: Does the leader possess communication strategies, which guide all the communication activities? Does the leader possess adequate information on what people want to understand from the communication and/or how they are likely to respond to the communication? Is the message planned for delivery aligned with the organizational values, mission, objectives, and vision? Does the communication integrate perspectives of a two-way communication process? Does the communication plan pay attention to the past incidences of poor or inaccurate communication to avoid their repetition in the current communication plan? Do es the communication consider various elements of effective communication in leadership: listening, directing, informing, leading, and involvement of the audience? Does the leader factor in the employees’ preferences for communication media such as face-to-face communication or emails? Is the responsibility of communication delegated to other leaders below the leader? If so, are the people charged with communication delivering the intended messages and/or do they comprehensively understand and endeavor to improve their roles as organizational communicators? If the response to all above question is yes, a leader can consider his or her communication immensely effective. A score of 5-8 indicates that a leader is on his or her way into becoming an effective leader through effective communication. However, he or she needs to invest more time in the development of the qualities of an effective organizational communicator. A score of less than 4 depicts ineffectiveness in leading through communication. Summary Effective communication is the key determinant of the capacity of leaders to achieve their mandates of leading, directing, planning, monitoring, and controlling. Communicating effectively requires the understanding of organizational culture, audience, and information needs and interest of various organizational stakeholders. This ensures that the concerns of the likely barriers and conflicts of the information communicated are mitigated in the planning phase of communication. Effective leaders in communication possess certain leadership traits, which influence people through communication. One of the essential traits is emotional intelligence (EI). EI helps leaders compose the context, orient, and/or prepare the audience to listen to them. To ensure that effective communication is achieved, it is also necessary to adopt a communication model that suits an appropriate scenario. Reference List Barrett, J. (2006). Leadership Communication. New York, NY: M cGraw-Hill. McFarlin, B., Sweeney, D., Cotton, L. (2003). Attitudes toward employee participation in decision-making: A comparison of European and American managers in a U.S. multinational. Human Resource Management Journal, 31(4), 363−383. Williams, J., Seaman, E. (2001). Predicting change in management accounting systems: National culture and industry effects. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 26(5), 443−460. This report on Leadership through effective Communication was written and submitted by user Caitlyn Byrd to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.